6

D. De et al.

Fig. 4 Integration multiple service framework in IoT

things (IoT) [43–46]. Recent advances in IoT have resulted in a paradigm shift from

a computer-aided society to a service-based intelligent organization.

An enormous amount of data needs to be managed to make the IoT-based system

work with end-to-end reliability. Cloud-based architectures provide the virtual infras-

tructure for utility-based computing that integrates monitoring devices, analytics

tools, visualization systems. IoT provides a reliable infrastructure for services that

require ubiquitous connectivity. Smart connectivity with the existing network archi-

tecture and context-based reliable service deployment is the fundamental design

challenge for IoT.

The term “Internet of Things” was first coined by Kelvin Ashton in 1999 [47].

In the past few years, the definition has included many applications like healthcare,

surveillance, utility, transport, education, etc. [48]. Figure 4 shows a representative

diagram of service integration in IoT.

Fueled by the radical evolution of the Internet and the prevalence of devices

equipped with wireless technology like Bluetooth, Radio Frequency Identification

(RFID), and Wi-Fi, the IoT has transformed the physical world into an intelligent,

logical framework with ubiquitous connectivity [49, 50].

Mobile IP-based sensor network builds up the sensing and actuating layer of the

infrastructure of IoT. Each sensor node can have an IPv6 address for the unique

identification of the device. These sensor nodes detect an event and measure the

physical and environmental parameters with high precision so that the IoT-based

system can make a correct decision.

3.1

Architecture of IoT

A typical IoT system consists of a layered architecture with the following sub-

systems, as shown in Fig. 5. The architecture consists of three sub-layers, viz., sensing

and perception layer, communication layer, and application layer.